This researchers reported at the II interdisciplinary conference «Autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases.» The study was supported by a grant from RSF.
Multiple sclerosis starts in people between 20-40 years and are often 30-70 cases per 100,000 people. It has nothing to do with distractions or «senile sclerosis» — the name means that the sclerotic lesion (plaque and scarring of connective tissue) are dispersed (spread out) through the nervous system. This disease is autoimmune because its cause — the rebellion of certain immune cells against the native organism. Usually, however, struggling with multiple sclerosis, we can kill and normal immune cells, which are in no way to blame.
To avoid this, the scientists decided to find and use the unique receptors on the surface of B-cells that make them pathogenic. The choice fell on those that recognize fragments of normal myelin as foreign. On such a special receptor molecule should look for pathogenic B-cells to attach to them the deadly toxin without affecting normal B-cells.
CC BY-SA 3.0 / afferent lump / Beta cells (b cells) in the islet of human pancreas
CC BY-SA 3.0 / afferent lump / Beta cells (b cells) in the islet of human pancreas
The next direction is to turn the rebellious Into cells in a peaceful, bringing devastating disease to a slight Allergy. This can be done by increasing the generation of other immune cells, T-regulatory who, as overseers, will be engaged in suppression of the immune response. For this purpose, fragments of the myelin antigen is injected through the mucous membranes nasal the integuments of animals with a disease model resembling multiple sclerosis. It was shown that part of them operates. Scientists chose three fragments, which were inserted in liposomes – ultra-small particles of lipids constituting the cell membrane. 1% of lipids has been linked with the carbohydrate mannose. It helps liposomes to get into specialized cells, professionally showing proteins on its surface. These cells have a mannose receptor, CD206 referred to. Mannose is associated with it, which helps the liposome to get inside.
© A. Belagrosistema consisting of lipids (yellow), filled with fragments of MBP (myelin basic protein, myelin basic protein) (blue), magnified a million times. The little tails on the yellow surface – mannose residues
© A. Belagrosistema consisting of lipids (yellow), filled with fragments of MBP (myelin basic protein, myelin basic protein) (blue), magnified a million times. The little tails on the yellow surface – mannose residues
«This is the real nanotechnology: if you increase the person to the size of the Earth, our liposomes will be a basketball, — says Alexey Belogurov. — Trillions of liposomes subcutaneously injected into the body.» Tests showed that the gravity model the disease in animals was reduced by 40%. Research moved into the first phase of clinical trials on 20 patients. Their condition has stabilized, and, most important, 15 of them the number of plaques in the brain has stopped growing.
Found out the mechanism of drug action. It turned out that the input molecules was caused by the release of intercellular signal substance interleukin-10, which reduced the severity of the disease. Then there is a «reset» of the immune system, which is formed of T-regulatory cells are the «overseers» that suppress the autoimmune response.
https://chelorg.com/2017/10/31/russian-scientists-have-found-ways-to-cope-with-multiple-sclerosis/
