© Depositphotos / AndreyPopov
The research results were presented at the video conference «Scientific and technological solutions for the future of medicine» (Moscow-Delhi), held in MMPTS MIA «Russia today».
At the moment in various labs around the world conduct experiments on animals to study the possibilities of local heating of the implant without affecting the surrounding tissue. To heat, you need to conduct minimally invasive surgery that is to make a puncture and to bring the waveguide directly to a substituted fragment of bone. The main problem is that while the shape of the implant is restored when the temperature is above 50 degrees, which can cause great damage to living cells. In addition, the activation temperature of the shape memory effect for high polymers suitable for use in bone implants.
If the aim is to make the implant a likeness of the bone to withstand large cyclic loads, the temperature will rise further. It will be 60-70 degrees, which will undoubtedly be detrimental to the surrounding tissue.
«Unfortunately, humanity is at the moment does not have any material that would be on the one hand solid and durable, and on the other hand, easily transforming its structure at acceptable temperatures. I think there will need to experiment with the technology of precise heating or finding the optimum way of creating composite materials and change their internal structure. We were able to estimate such compositions, but while their samolechenie occurs at 50° C, » explained Fedor Senates.
At the moment scientists of the Center for composite materials nust «MISIS» is used as the basis for implants of different polymers, mostly bioresorbable, i.e. biodegradable. They can replace small bone fragments that are in demand in oral and maxillofacial surgery. For large fragments used ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
The hardness of the polymer increases due to the introduction of additional particles, for example, hydroxyapatite is the mineral basis of bones and teeth. To achieve the desired temperature direct heating is used, electric current, ultrasound and alternating magnetic field. To achieve the effect of heating by magnetic field in polymer specially introduced magnetic nanoparticles. After the imposition of an alternating magnetic field, particles inside the implant begins to heat up and transfer heat to the surrounding material. Now scientists are experimenting with the composition of the materials, trying to increase strength while decreasing the heating temperature.
https://chelorg.com/2018/03/29/russian-scientists-have-created-artificial-bone-able-to-heal-the-crac...
